| TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS |
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PRIMARY -
> Non Rechargeable
Primary batteries are commonly used for applications with relatively low power requirements.
Alkaline
• 1.5 Volts
• Commonly used for low power consumer applications
• Example: portable cassette/radio |
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Silver Oxide
• 1.5 Volts
• similar to alkaline with good pulse discharge characteristics
• Example: animal correction devices |
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Lithium Manganese Dioxide
• 3.0 Volts
• Used for low to moderate power specifications for consumer & industrial applications with long life requirements
• Example: keyless entry systems |
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Lithium Polycarbon Monofluoride
• 3.0 Volts
• specifically designed for applications with high operating temperatures up to 85°
• Example: industrial controllers |
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Lithium Thionyl Chloride
• 3.6 Volts
BOBBIN CONSTRUCTION
• Designed for applications with long operating cycles & low pulse requirements
• Example: gas meters
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• 3.6 Volts
SPIRAL WOUND CONSTRUCTION
• Designed for applications with long operating cycles & high pulse requirements
• Example: RF Transmitters |
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Lithium Sulfur Dioxide
• 3.0 Volts
• Used to provide continuous high discharge currents
• Example: military communications |
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SECONDARY -
> Rechargeable
• Secondary batteries offer wide selection of chemistries
• Applications are experiencing tremendous growth in both consumer & industrial markets
Nickel Cadmium
• 1.2 Volts
• Commonly used for high power applications
• Example: power tools |
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Nickel Metal Hydride
• 1.2 Volts
• Designed to be NICAD compatible for applications requiring high energy density
• Example: portable test equipment |
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Lead Acid
• 2.0 Volts
• Designed for shallow discharge applications with cost sensitive products
• Example: Emergency Lighting |
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Lithium-Ion
• 3.6-4.2 Volts
• Designed for applications with high energy density & light weight requirements. Requires protection circuitry
• Example: PDA, portable medical |
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Lithium-Polymer
• 3.6-4.2 Volts
• New Technology
• High energy density, low self discharge & excellent form factor
• Example: military drones
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Lithium Manganese Dioxide Rechargeable
• 3.0 Volts
• Small form factor
• designed for very low power requirements
• Example: memory back-up |
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DESIGN GOALS -
• Highest energy density
• Smallest physical size
• Lowest weight
• Appropriate charge solution
• Long life cycle
• Acceptable cost
APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
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Voltage
• Operating voltage
• End voltage capacity requirement |
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Capacity
• Discharge rate
• Run-time requirement |
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Temperature
• Operating temperature range
• Charge temperature range |
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Form Factor
• Minimum / Maximum Dimensions
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Weight
• Minimum / Maximum Dimensions |
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Cost
• Product cost sensitivity verses battery performance | |
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The following PDF files provide information regarding regulatory requirements for batteries.
(click to download.)
RoHS WEEE and Transport letter (pdf 33kb)
RoHS Directive (pdf 115kb)
WEEE Directive (pdf 288kb)
Battery Directive (pdf 115kb)
UN T1-T8 test prcedure (pdf 35kb)
49CFR173.185 (pdf 64k)
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